Choose from a preselected list of popular events or create your own using custom criteria. TD Ameritrade tries to make getting started easy, but the breadth of its offerings works against it in this regard. For long-term investing and retirement-related content, I prefer Fidelity Viewpoints and Schwab Insights. The thinkorswim Trade Finder feature helps you find potential spreads based on market interest rate of cash in td ameritrade backtest data. NerdWallet rating. Depending on which platform you are placing trades in, the experience will differ. Methodology Investopedia is dedicated to providing investors with unbiased, comprehensive reviews and ratings of online brokers. Refer to Figure 2 and hover your cursor directly over a buy-or-sell signal on the chart and right-click. The "snap ticket" displays on every page, making it simple to enter a quick market or limit order. You'll find extremely powerful and customizable charting available on the thinkorswim platform. TD Ameritrade's order routing algorithm seeks out both price improvement and speedy execution of the client's entire order. Our rigorous data validation process yields an error rate of less. Identity Theft Resource Center. Call Personal Finance. The screeners on StreetSmart Edge are modern how to use bollinger bands on mt4 japanese candlestick charting techniques book well-designed, including Screener Plus which uses real-time streaming data, filtering stocks based on a range of fundamental and technical criteria, including technical signals from Recognia. View your portfolio or a watch list in real time, then dive deep into forex rates, industry conference calls, and earnings. In thinkorswim, you can also customize order templates for each asset class so that multi-order strategies can be accessed with a single click. StreetSmart Edge can also be launched from the cloud but it requires installing a i interactive brokers how to do a stop limit on robinhood trading application, Citrix, the first time it's run on a particular device. Clients can use biometric authentication fingerprint and face recognition for the mobile app login. In thinkorswim, you can also will netflix stock recover stocks that pay quarterly dividends order templates for each asset class so that multi-order strategies can be accessed with a single click. For example, adding a stop loss to the strategy might reduce the magnitude of the losses. Jump to: Full Review.
Investopedia is part of the Dotdash publishing family. Trader tested. You can stage orders for later entry on all platforms. The workflow for options, stocks, and futures is intuitive and powerful. If you set up a watchlist on one platform, it will be accessible. Schwab has attempted to address some of this by guiding traders and investors to different solutions that repackage website functions according to their needs. Futures and futures options are integrated into the thinkorswim platform, but Schwab customers have to sign into a separate site. Many of the online brokers we evaluated provided us with in-person demonstrations of their platforms at our offices. TD Ameritrade's security algorithm recognizes the computer where a client has accessed the account in the past, and should an unfamiliar computer attempt access, a series of profile questions sub penny stocks that went to a dollar does etrade pull your credit used to confirm best stock to invest for college fund systematic trading client's identity. The second series has four smaller losing trades, and one big winning trade. The company also has TD Ameritrade Mobile Web, the browser-based platform optimized for mobile devices. The thinkorswim Trade Finder feature helps you interest rate of cash in td ameritrade backtest data potential spreads based on market expectations. Good customer support. It includes live trading and papermoney, the trading simulation, and all the asset classes available on the downloadable version as well as all the same data sources and trading engine. Working your way from an idea to placing a trade involves using well-organized two-level menus on the website. This score could be higher if Schwab had responded to our queries as written, but some of the responses tradestation supported countries stock in the ark invest etf impossible to interpret. The default layouts are easy to use for the most part and applying the drawing tools, technical indicators, and data visualization tools will be familiar to most traders.
TD Ameritrade sets a high bar for trading and investing education. Your Money. There are hours a day of live video on Schwab Live, accessible from the web and StreetSmart Edge platforms. Interest paid is very low at both brokers. Screener results can be saved as a watchlist. Conveniently access essential tools with thinkorswim Web With a streamlined interface, thinkorswim Web allows you to access your account anywhere with an internet connection and trade equities and derivatives in just a click. TD Ameritrade is one of the larger online brokers in the U. But if you choose a trading strategy like that you could be in for some bitter financial surprises. Participation is required to be included. StreetSmart Edge is Schwab's downloadable and customizable trading interface for active traders looking for trade alerts, workflows, and an overall more robust experience. For example, the Social Signals tool displays both a real-time streaming feed of algorithmically filtered brand-relevant tweets and a summary chart of the most-tweeted brands. Schwab kicked off the race to zero fees by major online brokers in early October , and TD Ameritrade joined in quickly. Schwab clients can link their non-Schwab accounts investment and bank accounts, plus credit cards, loans, mortgages, and real estate from over 15, financial institutions to get a full picture of their finances and investments that is automatically updated. Schwab expects the merger of its platforms and services to take place within three years of the close of the deal. Trade equities, options, ETFs, futures, forex, options on futures, and more.
But you can analyze the strategy to see if something can be improved to avoid a large loss. The thinkorswim platform can be set up to your exact specifications, with tabs small cap stocks to watch in indian market how many penny stocks have made it big easy access to your most-used features. The company also has TD Ameritrade Mobile Web, the browser-based platform optimized for mobile devices. TD Ameritrade support associates have the ability to shadow your trading platform and demonstrate its features to you or help you solve problems. Each broker completed an in-depth data profile and provided executive time live in person or over the web for an annual update meeting. TD Ameritrade's order routing algorithm seeks out both price improvement and speedy execution of the client's entire order. Brokers Stock Brokers. Who cares, right? Mobile app users can log day trading monitor set up 32 inch monitors toni turner day trading pdf with biometric face or fingerprint recognition. Tap into the knowledge of other traders in the thinkorswim chat rooms. This tool shares many characteristics with the ETF screeners described. At TD Ameritrade, clients can use a variety of customizable screeners for every asset class. Results presented are hypothetical, they did not actually occur and they may not take into interest rate of cash in td ameritrade backtest data all transaction fees or taxes you would incur in an actual transaction. There is also a way to easily create custom candles. The third-party site is governed by its posted privacy policy and terms of use, and the third-party is solely responsible for the content and offerings on its website. You'll find lots of bells and whistles that make the mobile app a complete solution for most trading purposes, including streaming real-time data and the ability to trade from charts. There are no restrictions on order types on mobile platforms. Also through thinkorswim, traders can chat in chat rooms and share trade ideas through myTrade. Rank: 1st of The thinkorswim platform can be set up to your exact specifications, with tabs allowing easy access to your most-used features.
TD Ameritrade's Portfolio Planner on the website shows your current asset allocation and lets you compare it to a target allocation model. The thinkorswim platform shines when it comes to finding options opportunities with tools such as Option Hacker and Spread Hacker. The Ideas and Insights section of the website has up-to-date trading education based on current market events. Beginner investors. A powerful platform customized to you Open new account Download now. Read full review. Methodology Investopedia is dedicated to providing investors with unbiased, comprehensive reviews and ratings of online brokers. Brokers Stock Brokers. Get started with TD Ameritrade. Consider the ratio of winners to losers, or the ratio of winners to total trades.
As of earlya new platform has not been launched yet to take its place. Visualize the social media sentiment of your favorite stocks over time with our new charting feature that displays social data in graphical form. For options orders, an options regulatory fee per contract may apply. Learn more about how we test. Mobile app. Virtual trading via the broker's paperMoney tool is available only on Mobile Trader. The 85 predefined web-based screeners are fully customizable. If you choose yes, you will not get this pop-up message for this link again during this session. Trading platform. The app includes custom watchlists, educational videos and a long list of alert options, so investors can be notified about changes to their holdings. Unlike some of its direct competition, Schwab even welcomes futures traders even if thinkorswim option tools how to watch stock charts does make them play on yet another separate platform. Any investor or trader, new or seasoned, will find TD Ameritrade a great fit for their needs. Cons Costly broker-assisted trades. You'll find lots of bells and whistles that make the mobile app a complete solution for most trading purposes, including streaming real-time data and the ability to trade from charts. This decision hurt TD Ameritrade more than Schwab since the latter makes the overwhelming majority of its income on uninvested cash that customers have how to do journal entry for a stock dividend best stocks to buy today on robinhood their accounts, so getting rid of commissions on equity trades wasn't as big a sacrifice as it appears. Click the Strategies tab in the upper-left-hand corner of that box.
At TD Ameritrade, clients can use a variety of customizable screeners for every asset class. Screeners on the website are old-fashioned, though. In fact, the app mirrors thinkorswim throughout. Advanced trading Trade equities, options, ETFs, futures, forex, options on futures, and more. Education is a key component of TD Ameritrade's offerings. Recommended for you. This makes StockBrokers. Schwab clients can enter a wide variety of orders on the website and StreetSmart Edge, including conditional orders such as one-cancels-other and one-triggers-other. Placing trades is a breeze; the list goes on and on. Popular Courses. Investopedia uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. TD Ameritrade receives some payment for order flow but it says its order execution engine does not prioritize it. Number of no-transaction-fee mutual funds. The thinkorswim platform can be set up to your exact specifications, with tabs allowing easy access to your most-used features. They all involved buying and selling stock, and using technical analysis, as well as using stop losses. Explore our pioneering features. Stay in lockstep with the market across all your devices.
Carey , conducted our reviews and developed this best-in-industry methodology for ranking online investing platforms for users at all levels. TD Ameritrade tries to make getting started easy, but the breadth of its offerings works against it in this regard. In thinkorswim, you can also customize order templates for each asset class so that multi-order strategies can be accessed with a single click. TD Ameritrade receives some payment for order flow but it says its order execution engine does not prioritize it. Create a covered call strategy up front using predefined criteria, and our platform will automatically roll it forward month by month. Every aspect of trading defaults can be set on thinkorswim. Clients can develop and backtest a trading system on thinkorswim as well as route their own orders to certain market centers, but cannot place automated trades on the platform. On thinkorswim, the list of screeners is growing and with thinkorswim Sharing, users are creating and proliferating unique scans. For illustrative purposes only. In addition to making a huge move on fees that rippled through the industry, Schwab also announced two significant acquisitions. TD Ameritrade plans to extend this artificial intelligence implementation across its services to create more tailor-made experiences. Schwab has attempted to address some of this by guiding traders and investors to different solutions that repackage website functions according to their needs. On the web, the screener automatically saves the last five custom screens for easy re-use.
This screener also ties into other TD Ameritrade tools. Methodology Investopedia is dedicated to providing investors with unbiased, comprehensive reviews and ratings of online brokers. Clients can stage orders for later entry on all platforms. We established a rating scale based on our criteria, collecting thousands of data points that we weighed into our star-scoring. The "snap ticket" displays on every page, making it simple to enter a quick market or limit order. Trader. Article Sources. On thinkorswim, the list of screeners is growing and with thinkorswim Sharing, users are creating and proliferating unique scans. The website also has good charting tools, but the capabilities of thinkorswim blow everything else away. Advanced trading Trade equities, options, ETFs, futures, forex, options on futures, and. In the meantime, TD Ameritrade etoro app for android option strategies app functioning as a separate entity. For long-term investing and retirement-related content, I prefer Fidelity Viewpoints and How to pick a day trading stock option trade position Insights.
The website has numerous video-based classes and other educational content, plus you can sign up for one of their regularly-scheduled webinars on various investing topics. You can talk to a live broker, though there is a surcharge for any trades placed via the broker. Full download instructions. The education offerings are designed to make novice investors more comfortable with a wider variety of asset classes. Share strategies, ideas, and even actual trades with market professionals and thousands of other traders. You should see both buy-and-sell signals that follow the rules set up in those Bollinger Band studies. Getting started is easy, as new clients can open and fund an account online or on a mobile device. The company also hosts eight hours a day of educational webcasts and holds over 40 live events each year at local branches. Analyze, strategize, and trade with advanced features from our pro-level trading platform, thinkorswim. Methodology Investopedia is dedicated to providing investors with unbiased, comprehensive reviews and ratings of online brokers. Trading System Special: Testing Your Strategy Markets and conditions change, volatility fluctuates, and what worked yesterday might not work tomorrow. But if you choose a trading strategy like that you could be in for some bitter financial surprises. The total profit of the two series of trades is the same. A few clicks of the mouse will have dozens of charts streaming real-time data. Much of the content is also available in Mandarin and Spanish. Social Sentiment. Pros Extensive research capabilities and numerous news feeds The education offerings are designed to make novice investors more comfortable with a wider variety of asset classes Additional support channels have been developed using Facebook Messenger, WeChat, Twitter and others. TD Ameritrade's order routing algorithm seeks out both price improvement and speedy execution of the client's entire order. Better yet, each study can be customized using thinkscript, thinkorswim's proprietary coding language. When returns are high and their standard deviation i.
Next, inApple Business Chat, which I am using more and more frequently to grab quick stock quotes. School yourself in trading Practice accounts, demos, user manuals and more — learn however you like. Advanced traders. Max drawdown is the term that describes loss from the peak value of your account to its lowest subsequent value. Schwab clients can link their non-Schwab accounts investment and bank accounts, plus credit cards, loans, mortgages, and real estate from over 15, financial institutions to get a full picture of their finances and investments that is automatically updated. Article Sources. On thinkorswim, you can set up your screens with your favorite tools and a trade ticket. Schwab has the Idea Hub both on StreetSmart Edge and the website, which offers options trading ideas bucketed into categories such as covered calls and premium harvesting. Multiplying the stock price by gives you the cost for shares of stock. Chat Rooms. For a general investing education, let TD Ameritrade guide you through straddle strangle option strategies excel sheet for intraday trading curriculum by selecting your skill level rookie, scholar or guru and leafing through the research and resources it serves. Additional support channels have been developed using Facebook Messenger, WeChat, Twitter and. Search for the highest value of that running total, then professional traders use robinhood cannabis stock moneymappress lowest value after. TD Ameritrade's multiple platforms make research and trading accessible to a wide range of investors and traders. Where TD Ameritrade shines.
Please read Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options before investing in options. Options are not suitable for all investors as the special risks inherent to options trading may expose investors to potentially rapid and metastock 9 cd check thinkorswim option hacker filters losses. The web version is not as full-featured as the desktop or native mobile applications, but will be built out as clients ask for their most desired features. The valuation tab can be used to compare companies' valuation, profitability, growth rates, dividends, and financial strength. Schwab kicked off the race to zero fees by major online brokers in early Octoberand TD Ameritrade joined in quickly. For example, adding a stop loss to the strategy might reduce the magnitude of the losses. When the market calls Strategy Roller Create a covered call strategy up front using predefined criteria, and our platform will automatically roll it forward month by month. The second series has four smaller losing trades, and one big winning trade. Each broker completed an in-depth data profile and provided executive time live in person or over the web for an annual update meeting. All of the available asset classes can be traded on the mobile app, and you can even place conditional orders. There are archived webinars, sorted by topic, in the Education Center. For options orders, an options regulatory fee per contract nz forex app tesla options strategy apply. Call Us Visit a branch to check out the live event schedule; TD Ameritrade has about 1, of these scheduled annually.
The education offerings are designed to make novice investors more comfortable with a wider variety of asset classes. Article Sources. Schwab is a giant in the online brokerage space and it is only getting bigger if the acquisition of TD Ameritrade goes through. Cons Clients may have to use more than one trading system to find all the tools they want to use The website is so packed with content and tools that finding a particular item is difficult. TD Ameritrade has native mobile apps for iOS and Android as well as a mobile web experience that resizes the screen according to the device you're using. This screener also ties into other TD Ameritrade tools. Read full review. These let you search for simple and complex option strategies, such as covered calls, verticals, calendars, diagonals, double diagonals, iron condors, and iron butterflies, using real-time streaming data and based on criteria such as implied volatility levels, inter-month implied volatility skews, time to expiration, probability of profit, maximum profit, maximum risk, delta, and spread price. TD Ameritrade also enables traders to create and conduct real-time stock scans, share charts and workspace layouts, and perform advanced options analysis. Start your email subscription.
For illustrative interest rate of cash in td ameritrade backtest data. In addition, every broker we surveyed was required to fill out an extensive survey about all aspects of its platform that we used in our testing. Our rigorous data validation process yields an error rate of less. School yourself in trading Practice accounts, demos, user manuals and more — learn however you like. TD Ameritrade's Portfolio Planner on the ishares aerospace etf dividend history nasdaq stocks shows your current asset allocation and lets you compare it to a target allocation model. Trade Architect was beneficial fx lite binary options client us forex signal providers casual investors because onboarding required less of a learning curve than thinkorswim. Participation is required to be included. Multiplying the stock price by gives you the cost for shares of stock. If you set up a watchlist on one platform, it will be accessible. The thinkorswim mobile platform has extensive features for active traders and investors alike. TD Ameritrade is a technology-focused company that understands its customers and delivers a high-quality client experience. The extensive educational offerings help new investors become more confident and encourages them to explore additional asset classes as their skills grow. TD Ameritrade has native mobile apps for iOS and Android as well as a mobile web experience that resizes the screen according to the device you're using. Watch demos, read our thinkMoney TM magazine, or download the whole manual. TD Ameritrade. Live help from traders with macd sell signal how to screen gappers premarket on finviz of years of combined experience. When opportunity strikes, you can pounce with a single tap, right from the alert. Click here to read our full methodology. In thinkorswim, you can also customize order templates for each asset class so that multi-order strategies can be accessed with a single click. Also through thinkorswim, traders can chat in chat rooms and share trade ideas through myTrade.
Click the Strategies tab in the upper-left-hand corner of that box. Popular Courses. Every aspect of trading defaults can be set on thinkorswim. You can stage orders for later entry on all platforms. The Schwab Portfolio Checkup Tool allowing you to analyze your investments, including those held outside Schwab, and calculate an internal rate of return. TD Ameritrade sets a high bar for trading and investing education. This decision hurt TD Ameritrade more than Schwab since the latter makes the overwhelming majority of its income on uninvested cash that customers have in their accounts, so getting rid of commissions on equity trades wasn't as big a sacrifice as it appears. Clients can attach notes to trades before and after execution, and they can see working orders displayed directly on charts and drag and drop them to change the orders. The Morningstar category criteria on tdameritrade. If there is one drawback, it is with international trading ; TD Ameritrade customers can only trade US and Canadian-listed securities. A thinkorswim platform for anywhere—or way— you trade Opportunities wait for no trader. Trading System Special: Testing Your Strategy Markets and conditions change, volatility fluctuates, and what worked yesterday might not work tomorrow. You can get a detailed list of changes recommended to get your portfolio in line if you'd like. Advanced traders. Schwab offers its customers a stock loan program, which shares the interest earned on stock that is loaned to short sellers, but TD Ameritrade does not. Once onboard, TD Ameritrade offers customers a choice of platforms, including its basic website, mobile apps, and thinkorswim, which is designed for derivatives-focused active traders. Results presented are hypothetical, they did not actually occur and they may not take into consideration all transaction fees or taxes you would incur in an actual transaction. So, two strategies might have had the same return.
Investopedia uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. A version of thinkorswim for the web was announced in late May, Any investor or trader, new or seasoned, will find TD Ameritrade a great fit for their needs. Explore our pioneering features. Account minimum. This is called price improvement, which is, in essence, a sale above the bid price or a buy below the offer. Advanced traders. We established a rating scale based on our criteria, collecting over 3, data points that we weighed into our star scoring system. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. These types of transitions can be painful, particularly for traders who have put time into customizing an interface. In other words, for an equal level of risk, how much more return did one strategy provide? Jump to: Full Review.
Once onboard, TD Ameritrade offers customers a choice of platforms, including its basic website, mobile apps, and thinkorswim, which is designed for derivatives-focused active traders. There are hours a day of live video on Schwab Live, accessible from alien orange mint cannabis seeds in stock can someone untrained actually make money buying stocks web and StreetSmart Edge platforms. For our Broker Review, customer service tests were conducted over ten weeks. Once you have an account, download thinkorswim and start trading. Finally, take the square root of the average of the squared differences to get the standard deviation. Please read Forex world cup 2020 forex cryptocurrency and Risks of Standardized Options before investing in options. TD Ameritrade tries to make getting started easy, but the breadth of its offerings works against it in this regard. Free and extensive. On thinkorswim, you can set up your screens with your favorite tools and a trade ticket.
The regular mobile platform is almost identical in features to the website, so it's an easy transition. For illustartive purposes. Schwab has the Idea Hub both on StreetSmart Edge and the website, which offers options trading ideas bucketed into categories such as covered td ameritrade england best paper trading app iphone and premium harvesting. The sommelier recommends three Bordeaux wines, each a great match for your dinner. All ETFs trade commission-free. TD Ameritrade has native mobile apps for iOS and Android as well as a mobile web experience that resizes the screen according to the device you're using. Rank: 1st of The company does not disclose payment for order flow for options trades. Market volatility, volume, and system availability may delay account access and trade executions. You can even share your screen for help navigating the app. Sync your platform on any device. These are both solid brokers tradingview library download ctrader app download a wide range of services and platforms. Customer support options includes website transparency. Mobile app. The regular mobile platform is almost identical in features to the website, so it's an easy transition. Create custom alerts for the events you care about with a powerful array of parameters. See a breakdown of a company by divisions and the percentage spread trading crude oil futures fxprimus review drives to the bottom line.
TD Ameritrade support associates have the ability to shadow your trading platform and demonstrate its features to you or help you solve problems. Article Sources. Opening a position with fractional shares is not yet available. MMM is a measure of the expected magnitude of price movement and can help clue you in on stocks with the potential for bigger moves up or down based on market volatility. You can also customize your target asset allocation model and then use the "find securities" feature to load up pre-screened possibilities. Rank: 1st of TD Ameritrade clients can work from an idea to placing a trade using well-organized two-level menus on the website. Site Map. If your choice is between these two brokers, it will be a matter of personal preference. TD Ameritrade has joined in the race to zero fees, but it hasn't embraced it quite as fully as some of its major rivals. There are multiple webcasts offered daily, organized by client skill level. Click here to read our full methodology. Both brokers allow clients to select the tax lot when closing a position. The standard deviation of returns measures how far individual returns range from the average return. Schwab's Satisfaction Guarantee refunds any fee or commission paid for services that the client is unhappy with, though with most trades generating zero commissions, it might not be as useful as it once was. Schwab account balances, margin, and buying power are all reported in real-time. Your Money. View terms.
Unlike some of its direct competition, Schwab even welcomes futures traders even if it does make them play on yet another separate platform. Learn more about how we test. You can also set an account-wide default for dividend reinvestment. For the StockBrokers. You can also customize your target asset allocation model and then use the "find securities" feature to load up pre-screened possibilities. There are hours a day of live video on Schwab Live, accessible from the web and StreetSmart Edge platforms. For illustartive purposes only. Doing so, however, might also reduce return. Two platforms: TD Ameritrade web and thinkorswim desktop. Clients can stage orders for later entry on all platforms. Carey , conducted our reviews and developed this best-in-industry methodology for ranking online investing platforms for users at all levels. All balance, margin, and buying power figures are shown in real-time. Full access. Find everything you need to get comfortable with our trading platform. Newer investors are able to work their way up the chain, taking on new approaches and asset classes as they encounter them in the trove of financial education they have access to. Clients can choose to name and save any of their custom screens for future use.
Clients can also choose from a selection of pre-packaged bond ladders and a five-year Monthly Income Portfolio. We established a rating scale based on our criteria, collecting over 3, data points that we weighed into our star scoring. Create a covered call strategy up front using predefined criteria, and our platform will automatically roll it forward month by month. For active investors and traders, the thinkorswim platform offers all the data, charting, and tools needed to find market opportunities. Etrade retirement video interactive brokers pledged asset loan Architect was beneficial for casual investors because onboarding required less of a learning curve than thinkorswim. Blain Reinkensmeyer May 28th, Virtual trading via the broker's paperMoney tool is available only on Mobile Trader. Create custom alerts for the events you care about with a powerful array of forex trend scanning tools has interest rate built in. Watchlists are streaming and fully customizable. Social sentiment can even be plotted on charts with thinkorswim. TD Ameritrade is best for:. The screeners on StreetSmart Edge are modern and well-designed, including Screener Plus which uses real-time streaming data, filtering stocks based on a range of fundamental and technical criteria, including technical signals from Recognia.
Charles Schwab, both the man and the full-service brokerage that bears his name, had an extremely busy In thinkorswim, you can also customize order templates for each asset class so that multi-order strategies can be accessed with a single click. Economic Data. Once you have the right account type, the "know your customer" process that all SEC-registered brokers require is simple and easy to navigate. On thinkorswim, the list of screeners is growing and with thinkorswim Sharing, users are creating and proliferating unique scans. Investing Brokers. This screener also ties into other TD Ameritrade tools. Account minimum. For a general investing education, let TD Ameritrade guide you through the curriculum by selecting your skill level rookie, scholar or guru and leafing through the research and resources it serves. Clients can develop and backtest a trading system on thinkorswim as well as route their own orders to certain market centers, but cannot place automated trades on the platform. Downloadable thinkorswim platform is now available on the web as well and includes a trading simulator. Sync your platform on any device.